This listing is for a TCRT5000 Infrared Reflectance Sensor.
An inherently simple device, on one side is an infrared emitting LED, and on the other side is an infrared receptive photo transistor.
In short, it allows you to measure how reflective something is to infrared, why is that useful, well, it allows you to sense close proximity as an analog voltage, it allows you to sense "black" from "white", think about applications like line/track following robots, reading "paper tape", even maybe bar codes.
They are such a simple device, no amazing code is needed, just reading an analog input.
You may find this TCRT5000 tutorial useful or this one they are a pretty simple device to use.
All of our products are shipped from Christchurch, New Zealand using CourierPost for NZ, and Airmail for international.